'Conservatism of ecological niche characteristics in North American plant species over the Pleistocene-to-Recent transition'

' rear\n\nAim  To set aside a turn out of the conservatism of a species nook everyplace the last 20,000 long cadence by track the scattering of octet pollen taxa relative to temper type as they migrated across easterly northeastward the States following the oddment Glacial supreme (LGM).\n\nLocation  North America.\n\nMethods  We drew taxonomic category detail information from the North American pollen records in the international Pollen Database, representing eight pollen types all(a) taxa for which ≥5 unadorned geographical occurrences were functional in twain the present daytime and at the LGM (21,000 long time ago ± 3000 years). These data were incorporated into ecologic niche models establish on current and LGM climatological summaries available from the Palaeo clime molding Intercomparison Project to take a shit predicted potential geographic distributions for each(prenominal) species at present and at the LGM. The output for each time occlusion was projected onto the otherwise time period, and tried using nonparasitic known occurrence information from that period.\n\nResults  The effect of our analyses was that all species time-tested showed general conservatism in bionomic characteristics everywhere the temper changes associated with the Pleistocene-to-Recent transition.\n\nMain conclusions  This summary constitutes a foster demonstration of general and pervasive conservatism in ecological niche characteristics over moderate periods of time despite unintelligible changes in climate and environmental conditions. As such, our results reinforce the exercise of ecological niche modelling techniques to the reconstructive memory of Pleistocene biodiversity distribution patterns, and to project the prox potential distribution range of species in the face of global-scale climatic changes.'